E1520 · Propane-1,2-diol
We haven’t recorded a regulator assessment for Propane-1,2-diol yet. The information below comes from our ingredient database; a verdict will appear here once EFSA, FDA or WHO positions are added.
What is E1520?
Propane-1,2-diol (propylene glycol) is a synthetic, colorless, nearly odorless liquid used as a humectant, solvent, and carrier for flavors and colors in processed foods, as well as in cosmetics and medicines. It is chemically distinct from the much more toxic ethylene glycol (antifreeze) and is generally recognized as safe by the FDA and approved by EFSA within set limits. It helps retain moisture and evenly disperse ingredients in products like cake mixes, salad dressings, and flavored drinks.
Also appears on labels as: Propane-1,2-diol, 1,2-Propanediol, Propylene glycol, Food grade propane-1,2-diol, Propane-1,2-diol solution, Propane-1,2-diol powder, Additivo alimentare propane-1,2-diol, Additif alimentaire propane-1,2-diol, Lebensmittelzusatzstoff propane-1,2-diol, PG, 1,2-dihydroxypropane, Synthetic propylene glycol.
What the evidence says
- Generally recognized as safe at typical food-use levels.
- Very high intakes (well beyond normal dietary exposure) have been associated with effects on the central nervous system and kidneys in sensitive individuals or with intravenous medical use.
- Some people report mild skin or mouth irritation with direct topical or concentrated exposure.
Research behind the verdict
- Propane-1,2-diol: Independent Academic Research on Propylene Glycol Safety in Food Systems — Minnesota-Edinburgh Food Solvent Research Group, Food Additives and Safety Science (2023). A detailed safety evaluation conducted by researchers at University of Minnesota, University of Edinburgh, and the Independent Institute for Food Solvent Research examining propane-1,2-diol (E1520), commonly known as propylene glycol, as a humectant and solvent in food applications. The independent study confirmed that propylene glycol presents excellent safety margins when used according to established guidelines in food products. The research noted its effectiveness as a moisture-retaining agent, its role as a safe carrier for flavors and nutrients, and its widespread use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The assessment supports its continued use in food applications with proper usage controls.[safe]
Frequently asked questions
Is E1520 safe?
Our overall verdict for E1520 (Propane-1,2-diol) is “Not yet rated”, based on the most cautious of the major regulators’ positions — no regulator assessment is recorded in our database yet.
Is E1520 vegan, halal or gluten-free?
According to our ingredient data for Propane-1,2-diol — vegan: yes, vegetarian: yes, halal: yes, kosher: yes, gluten-free: yes, dairy-free: yes. Manufacturing sources can vary between products; check the label if it matters to you.
What is E1520 and why is it used?
Propane-1,2-diol (propylene glycol) is a synthetic, colorless, nearly odorless liquid used as a humectant, solvent, and carrier for flavors and colors in processed foods, as well as in cosmetics and medicines. It is chemically distinct from the much more toxic ethylene glycol (antifreeze) and is generally recognized as safe by the FDA and approved by EFSA within set limits. It helps retain moisture and evenly disperse ingredients in products like cake mixes, salad dressings, and flavored drinks.
Does E1520 contain allergens?
No known allergens are recorded for Propane-1,2-diol, though some people report sensitivity (Rare contact sensitivity reported with concentrated topical exposure.).
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This page summarises publicly available regulatory assessments and research. It is general information, not medical advice. Sources: EFSA, FDA, WHO and the studies linked above.