E431 · Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate
We haven’t recorded a regulator assessment for Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate yet. The information below comes from our ingredient database; a verdict will appear here once EFSA, FDA or WHO positions are added.
What is E431?
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (PEG-40 stearate) is a synthetic emulsifier made by reacting stearic acid with ethylene oxide, used to blend water and oil-based ingredients in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It helps stabilize creamy textures and is used in small amounts in some baked goods and confections. It is approved for food use in the US within set limits, though it is less commonly permitted in the EU compared to other emulsifiers.
Also appears on labels as: Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate, Polyoxyethylene 40 stearate, PEG-40 stearate, Polyethylene glycol 40 stearate, Stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester, Polyoxyethylene stearate, E431, E 431, E-431, PEG stearate, Stearate PEG-40, Polyethylene glycol stearate.
What the evidence says
- Generally recognized as safe at typical food-use levels.
- As a PEG (polyethylene glycol) compound, trace amounts of ethylene oxide or 1,4-dioxane (manufacturing by-products) are a theoretical processing concern, monitored by regulators.
- Stearic acid component may be derived from animal or plant fat depending on the manufacturer.
Frequently asked questions
Is E431 safe?
Our overall verdict for E431 (Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate) is “Not yet rated”, based on the most cautious of the major regulators’ positions — no regulator assessment is recorded in our database yet.
Is E431 vegan, halal or gluten-free?
According to our ingredient data for Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate — vegan: no, vegetarian: no, halal: no, kosher: no, gluten-free: yes, dairy-free: yes. Manufacturing sources can vary between products; check the label if it matters to you.
What is E431 and why is it used?
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (PEG-40 stearate) is a synthetic emulsifier made by reacting stearic acid with ethylene oxide, used to blend water and oil-based ingredients in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It helps stabilize creamy textures and is used in small amounts in some baked goods and confections. It is approved for food use in the US within set limits, though it is less commonly permitted in the EU compared to other emulsifiers.
Does E431 contain allergens?
No known allergens are recorded for Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate.
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This page summarises publicly available regulatory assessments and research. It is general information, not medical advice. Sources: EFSA, FDA, WHO and the studies linked above.