E450(I) · Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate
- WHO
- Safe in moderation
- FDA
- Safe in moderation
- EFSA
- Safe in moderation
- FSANZ
- Safe in moderation
- Japan
- Safe in moderation
- UK FSA
- Safe in moderation
- Health Canada
- Safe in moderation
What is E450(I)?
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a phosphate compound that acts as a slow-acting acidulant in baking powders, providing a secondary rise as heat triggers its reaction with sodium bicarbonate during baking. It is also used as an emulsifier, sequestrant, and to control discoloration in processed potatoes and seafood.
Also appears on labels as: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), Na2H2P2O7, E450(i), E 450(i), E-450(i), Acid pyrophosphate sodium salt, Food additive SAPP, Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, SAPP powder, Sodium acid pyrophosphate additive, Rūgštusis natrio pirofosfatas.
What the evidence says
- High total phosphate intake (from all dietary sources combined) is linked to elevated cardiovascular and kidney disease risk, particularly in people with pre-existing kidney impairment.
- May reduce absorption of calcium and other minerals at high intake.
Frequently asked questions
Is E450(I) safe?
Our overall verdict for E450(I) (Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate) is “Safe in moderation”, based on the most cautious of the major regulators’ positions — FDA: safe in moderation; WHO: safe in moderation; EFSA: safe in moderation; FSANZ: safe in moderation; Japan: safe in moderation; UK FSA: safe in moderation; Health Canada: safe in moderation.
Is E450(I) vegan, halal or gluten-free?
According to our ingredient data for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate — vegan: yes, vegetarian: yes, halal: yes, kosher: yes, gluten-free: yes, dairy-free: yes. Manufacturing sources can vary between products; check the label if it matters to you.
What is E450(I) and why is it used?
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a phosphate compound that acts as a slow-acting acidulant in baking powders, providing a secondary rise as heat triggers its reaction with sodium bicarbonate during baking. It is also used as an emulsifier, sequestrant, and to control discoloration in processed potatoes and seafood.
Does E450(I) contain allergens?
No known allergens are recorded for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.
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This page summarises publicly available regulatory assessments and research. It is general information, not medical advice. Sources: EFSA, FDA, WHO and the studies linked above.